In 1997, the us department of commerce on January a unit, the national institute of standards and technology (NIST) invented a new encryption process, and discovered that this new encryption can be a very good replace data encryption standard (DES) and can use less degree of three layers of data encryption standard (DES) Triple. This application block encrypt method (i.e. cipher technology which is called symmetry encryption algorithm (just as its name implies, it is to use the same encryption and decryption code block). Advanced encryption standard will be designed three key length: 128 bytes, 192 bytes and 256 bytes. Also, the requirement for this encryption algorithm can worldwide, and can use royalty-free level of security to provide sufficient to protect the future of 20 to 30 years. This method in software and hardware are easy to implement, in some limited environment (for example, smart CARDS) and easy to use, but also can provide good defensive various attacks.

The selection process is completely open to public supervision of public opinion and the. Allegedly, the full visibility to ensure the best possible design analysis and inspection. In 1998, the national institute of standards and technology (NIST) for AES selected candidates, this algorithm of 15 15 algorithm became the world community of password test analysis. The code includes national security community. Based on this, August 1999, the national institute of standards and technology for further analysis, the candidate will be reduced to five algorithm. They are:

MARS algorithm by IBM research department of a large group.

RC6 issued by the RSA laboratory.

Joan Rijndael Daemen, by Rijmen two Belgian Vincent and password by experts.

Serpent, w., Eli Biham by Ross Knudsen Lars and released.

Twofish Counterpane include the company by a highly respected password Schneier Bruce experts in a large team.

All of the above the speed and reliability of candidate algorithm with ANSI C and are widely Java language testing, such as in the hardware and software system, the speed of encryption and decryption keys and algorithm, and all kinds of setup time, degree of the interceptor against the test. Once again, the world community (including some code to overthrow their previous judge team), provides a more detailed analysis. Finally, the result is in October 2000 2, nist Rijndael announced the best candidate for AES algorithm. 6 December 2001, the United States secretary of commerce official admits the information processing standards FIPS 197 () and specified all sensitive information and documents without confidentiality will Rijndael adopted as senior encryption standard.

In the field of computer, CMOS often refers to the preservation of computer basic startup information (e.g., date, time, startup Settings, etc.) of the chip. Sometimes people will say, mixed with BIOS CMOS on the mainboard is actually a CMOS RAM chips, is the writeable only to preserve the hardware configuration and user BIOS setup of some parameters. By the motherboard CMOS battery power, even if the system power, will not lose information. CMOS RAM itself is a piece of memory, only the data storage function. But for all the parameters in the BIOS setting to pass a special program. BIOS setup procedures are generally manufacturer integrating in chip, in particular the buttons on startup through can enter BIOS setup program, convenient for system Settings. Therefore the BIOS setting is sometimes called the CMOS setup.

Early CMOS chip is a separate MC146818A (DIP encapsulation), were 64 bytes storage system information. 386 later MC146818A chip microcomputer generally will be integrated into other IC chip (such as 82C206, PQFP encapsulation), especially after the mainboard 45/79 with real-time clock will CMOS battery back-up and integrated into a DALLDA called DS1287 chip. Along with the development of computer and the parameters of the CMOS RAM, now have generally 128 bytes when 256 bytes of capacity. To maintain the compatibility, the BIOS manufacturers will own the CMOS RAM about 64 bytes of MC146818A unified content with the CMOS RAM expanded format, but in the part with their special setting, so the BIOS chip that different manufacturer usually are not interchangeable, even can exchange, exchange information and to CMOS reset to ensure the normal operation of system.

CMOS original refers to the complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory, is a large-scale integrated circuit chip manufacturing applied materials) is a computer on the mainboard writeable only the RAM chips, mainly used to save the current system of the hardware configuration and the operator of some parameters Settings. CMOS RAM chips through a backup battery by the system in power, therefore it, or meet system power, CMOS information would be lost.

Due to the CMOS RAM chip itself is only a piece of memory, only has the function, so save data of the parameters set in the CMOS setup through special process. Early in the CMOS setup program resident floppy disk (such as IBM’s PC/AT machine), use very convenient. Now most manufacturers will CMOS setup program do BIOS chip, by pressing the boot in particular key can enter CMOS setup program and very easily, so the system setup the CMOS setup again, often called the BIOS setting.

Many multinational company such as the information technology industry, Yahoo and Google IBM’s use of the concept of cloud calculative selling their products and services. Cloud calculative this term may be borrowed from the quantum physics of Electron Cloud “(” Cloud), emphasize that the calculation of diffuse and omnipresent distribution and social characteristics. In quantum physics “probability cloud)”, electron (around the nucleus in electronic is not a sport such as the rail track objects, but as the space, cloud filled the existence of the movement is described, electronic Newton classical mechanics but a probability distribution density function, use the schrodinger equation to describe fluctuations within the time specified, the probability of a particle size, with the formulation of the classical mechanics is totally different. Has the following characteristics of cloud, however, diffuse, simultaneously, etc., may indeed is calculated from the clouds cloud concept, this is the so-called “before the Ubiquitous computing”, IBM has a Ubiquitous computing is Ubiquitous “, “MS (Bill) soon followed a Ubiquitous computing” Pervade “, people is right now Ubiquitous computing is a new understanding, now say “Omnipresent”. However, the cloud calculative is purely commercial hype, it will change the pattern of information industry, now many people already use Google Apps and Google Doc, USES the many remote software applications such as word processors Office rather than with your local machine install these applications, who will buy Office software? There are many enterprise applications such as e-commerce applications, such as to write a transaction procedures, Google’s enterprise scheme and contains the templates, a salesperson didn’t study Netbeanr also can make. This calculation and industry trends is the source of the spirit, with a Service SaaS (on) the trend. Now, there’s only five computers in the world today, is a Google, one is the IBM, is a Yahoo, one is amazon.com, is a Microsoft, because these five company takes the lead in the distributed processing business applications on the leading the trend. From very early computer network is proposed that “is prescient.

In other words, the enterprise internal ERP will put all resources together, to purchase, production, costs, inventory, distribution, transportation, finance, human resource planning, so as to achieve the best combination of resources, the best benefit.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), rational use has changed the face of Enterprise operation. ERP by using the best business system and integrated enterprise soul AD key business processes to raise questions and processes soul profit, market demand and reaction speed enterprise.

At the same time, enterprises in the ever-changing market opportunities, price and service level in the challenge, must constantly changing environment, improve enterprise management mode, enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. Previously only focus on enterprise internal process improvement, product development and manufacturing to raise the level of the market has now face. The fact that, in the modern competitive environment of enterprise survival and development to maintain with business partners to coordinate a sufficient to build a competitive edge of the value chain.

ERP software reasonable use can help enterprise internal operation rationalization, at the same time, feature-rich cooperation/cooperation can help enterprises as collaborative technologies in the cooperative enterprise groups and trade partner, and to improve the management level between space and improve expand enterprise competition ability.

E-business brings the abundant enterprise competition methods and tools that can help enterprises to better use ERP will vast network information system of traditional business and enterprise resource information effectively combined. Enterprise and customers, suppliers and employees, traders in an unprecedented way through the website together.

ERP application of symbol is: a successful operation system integration, software, and the operation across multiple departments, Second, business process rationalization, various business department of the optimized process according to completely reconstruct, Third, performance monitoring dynamic performance system can immediate feedback to correct the problem existing in the management, Four, management, enterprise can establish a continued unceasingly self evaluation and improvement of management mechanism.

Technically, a Web browser is a client applications, it is representing browser user use HTTP Protocol (Hypertext spread through the network Protocol request to the Web server. Most browsers have support for E-mail and File Transfer Protocol (FTP Protocol File, spread a Web browser, but for those Internet Protocol (IP), the Internet is not available. But more specifically the client application is more popular than the browser.

The First Web browser, called WorldWideWeb browser, 1990. The browser name later renamed Nexus browsers, it is in order to avoid and a developing information space, the famous World Wide Web (WWW Web) between the confusion. The first with a graphical user interface (GUI), with the graphical browsers, it is called the Mosaic in 1993. In many of the user interface Mosaic browser features of the company in the United States Netscape Navigator WEB browser in application. Microsoft then developed it IE (Internet Explorer browser).

From September, 2006, IE (Internet Explorer browser) is the most commonly used browser, it won the browser wars in the so-called (IE Explorer and Netscape between the browser wars). Other browser include:

Firefox Mozilla browser, it is made of the open source software (browser version) and Netscape.

The browser, it makes a Flock of open source web browser, is based on the browser and optimize the Firefox Web2.0 the browser features, such as: blog (disappointed) and social bookmarks (SB, social bookmarking).

The browser, it makes a Safari used Apple computer (AC), Apple in the browser (according to ranking, the popular browsers ranked third).

It is a browser, Lynx for Unix operating system user’s pure text VMS and text, the browser (browser - how TOB.

Opera browsers, it is a fast and very stable, and the browser compatibility, most browsers also related to the operating system.

Communication is essential to eliminate obstructions. In its simplest form, the phone break time and distance of the obstacle, so people can real-time together in or near real-time communication. Now there are many other barriers to be solved. People can use many different devices (wireless phone, personal digital assistant/PDA], personal computers, computer] [thin client, etc.), and now there is a new form of communication, such as instant messages. The goal is to break the unified communications, so people can use these obstacles of different forms of communication, different media, different equipment is still can anyone, anywhere, anytime in communication.

Unified Communications (UC) contains many kinds of communication systems or model, including unity, cooperation and interaction, and information system, Real-time and near real-time communication and trade application.

1. Unified message focuses on let users from a single mailbox independent access devices access voice, E-mail, fax and the other mixed media.
2. Multimedia services including mixed media types of messages, such as video and audio clips and pictures, including short message service (SMS).
3. Cooperation and interaction system focused on application software, for example, calendar, schedule, workflow, complete voice response (ivr), and other enterprise application software, to help the individual and group efficient communication.
4. Real-time and real-time communication system focused on among individuals of application software or system are the basic communication, such as meetings, instant messaging, traditional and next-generation switches (PBX) and paging.
5. Trading and information system is provided to meet entry mobile e-business, e-commerce, web, weather forecast, stock information, as well as other enterprise applications.

Through dial-up modem BBS, remote login or Internet access. Because it in a graphical user interface (GUI) widely used before, so the interface is based on the BBS text. Despite recent based on the Internet version of the graphic user interface are interactive, but through remote login user preference BBS text interface. According to the Sceiron company founders and early system operators, Justin, Scott’s point of view, based on the Internet in the BBS is essentially through the BBS software instead of the web server.

Although some are essentially the same, but most are dedicated to a specific topic BBS. In the special topic on the BBS, legal, guns, dental multiplayer game, zadok’s activities and disabled information. There are a number of BBS site provides much “, “dialogue and downloadable photos. Although some BBS to member or user fee, but most are free of charge. Many, many WEB sites have BBS Internet connection with new users can also provider to download necessary software by connecting the BBS. BBS has its own culture and rules. For example, a system is running this website operator. Through the BBS for chatting online is more and more popular, and there are many abbreviations from here to spread.

The first BBS, called the computer bulletin board system (CBBS), Christensen and Randy Ward of Suess in 1978. Although ARPA nets were used, but confined to the department of defense. When CBBS appeared on the Internet, immediately became the military’s computer based on the different media, timesharing system (will host a processing time assigned to the computer). Christensen and Suess in an uploaded file in the journal article describes CBBS and their use of technology, and lit the world to create thousands of BBS.

Regardless of how widespread use of the Internet as a medium, BBS with its ability in Internet immature and network connection of local higher fees are still quite common parts.

WiMAX is an emerging technology, can be in more than Wi-Fi within the scope of the vast area “last kilometer” broadband connectivity, which support enterprise customer service and residents enjoy T1 user has to cable/DSL access. Relying on its site in any 1 ~ 6 miles coverage (depends on many factors), WiMAX will provide for high-speed data more excellent mobility. In addition, depending on the coverage and high throughput rate, WiMAX can provide for telecommunications infrastructure, enterprise zone and WiFi hotspot provide return.

WiMAX will be divided into three stages deployment. The first stage is through indoor antennas to deploy IEEE802.16 d by the standard WiMAX technology, target users is fixed locations known subscriber. The second phase will deploy indoor antennas, WiMAX will appeal to broaden the technology for simplifying the operator user: installation. The third stage will be launched in the IEEE802.16 e, WiMAX specification authentication hardware will be used in portable solutions for those who hope, in service, the user support similar roamed in today’s Wifi ability, but more lasting WiFi solid connectivity.

The primary challenge WiMAX face is still the construction cost and price. Currently MMDS multicast channel, including distributed system WiMAX antenna deployment, cost as much as $3,000 for each user, which not only makes operators difficult to obtain enough investment returns, the user will tremble for China, besides, wince GHz 3.5 this resource is limited band of MMDS broadband wireless access system, after several rounds of scheme updates and technology innovation, various equipment has quite high performance-to-price ratio, WiMAX if the price according to the above similar to participate in the competition will be facing serious challenges. In addition, WiMAX and Wi-Fi, 3G in quite a long time, and each will be in the overlapping area to a certain extent, the competition among these systems, maintain efficient and enhance its interworking is facing the competition WiMAX important tasks.

Because information sharing, effective and efficient interaction to share is very important, at the same time, it also has the function of mutual comments, sharing website set up in succession, information sharing and application in the main content, can be classified into different information, including site, documents, photographs, video and application software sharing and interactive platform, etc.

The main tool for Web 2.0 network applications are blog, wikipedia, RSS, Podcast (Audio & Video) and open source software etc. With the above information content, they will make information spread to every corner.

1. Creeper Virus
   Creeper is probably the first computer virus, although this is controversial. The virus is in 1971, written by Bob Thomas using Tenex operating system.
2. Brain Virus
   Brain 1st found in 1986 in first use Microsoft DOS production of the virus. The virus is written by Pakistan’s two brothers Basit and Amjad Farooq Alvi, it is used to prevent copying a medical software.
3. MyDoom
   MyDoom is 1st infected host, then the address book to mass attack mode. The virus through inspection and use reliable method via E-mail and address book.
4. Nimda Virus
   Nimda is one of the fastest spreading virus in the history, after 22 minutes in online after became the most widespread of the virus.
5. Melissa Virus
   This is a romantic love story. A boy met a woman. The girl, boy home by dancing money for the girl to write computer viruses. This computer virus spread out later, caused millions of dollars worth of damage. This is our age of romeo and Juliet.
6. Storm Virus
   The Storm is a large malicious botnet virus, is early in 2007 to European flood of fake news form first appeared. This virus have threaten users for more than a year’s time.
7. ExploreZip Virus
   ExploreZip virus is written in 10 years ago, but the virus remains in communication. This is a virus so stubborn a good example.
8. Conficker Virus
   J C virus Conficker originally started in March 2009, then spread a lot on April 1, cause global disaster global attack. However, the virus does not caused much damage.
9. Klez Virus
   Klez also is a kind of very stubborn virus. In the first seven years later, the virus is still spreading.
10. Cloner Elk Virus
    Elk Cloner virus is a 15-year-old high school students to write a joke Skrenta sorrow. Unfortunately he soon became bad jokes. Elk Cloner virus spread, through the initial sector has become a standard way of later the spread of the virus.